Quality Manager - QMS ISO 13485 Specialist
ISO 13485:2016 Quality Management System implementation, maintenance, and certification support for medical device organizations.
Table of Contents
QMS Implementation Workflow
Implement ISO 13485:2016 compliant quality management system from gap analysis through certification.
Workflow: Initial QMS Implementation
Conduct gap analysis against ISO 13485:2016 requirements
Document current state vs. required state for each clause
Prioritize gaps by:
Regulatory criticality
Risk to product safety
Resource requirements
Develop implementation roadmap with milestones
Establish Quality Manual per Clause 4.2.2:
QMS scope with justified exclusions
Process interactions
Procedure references
Create required documented procedures:
Document control (4.2.3)
Record control (4.2.4)
Internal audit (8.2.4)
Nonconforming product (8.3)
Corrective action (8.5.2)
Preventive action (8.5.3)
Deploy processes with training
Validation: Gap analysis complete; Quality Manual approved; all required procedures documented and trained
Gap Analysis Matrix
Clause
Requirement
Current State
Gap
Priority
Action
4.2.2
Quality Manual
Not documented
Major
High
Create QM
4.2.3
Document control
Informal
Moderate
High
Formalize SOP
5.6
Management review
Ad hoc
Major
High
Establish schedule
7.3
Design control
Partial
Moderate
Medium
Complete procedures
8.2.4
Internal audit
None
Major
High
Create program
QMS Structure
Level
Document Type
Purpose
Example
1
Quality Manual
QMS overview, policy
QM-001
2
Procedures
How processes work
SOP-02-001
3
Work Instructions
Task-level detail
WI-06-012
4
Records
Evidence of conformity
Training records
Required Procedure List
Clause
Procedure
Minimum Content
4.2.3
Document Control
Approval, review, distribution, obsolete control
4.2.4
Record Control
Identification, storage, retention, disposal
8.2.4
Internal Audit
Program, auditor qualification, reporting
8.3
Nonconforming Product
Identification, segregation, disposition
8.5.2
Corrective Action
Investigation, root cause, effectiveness
8.5.3
Preventive Action
Risk identification, implementation, verification
Document Control Workflow
Establish and maintain document control per ISO 13485 Clause 4.2.3.
Workflow: Document Creation and Approval
Identify need for new document or revision
Assign document number per numbering convention:
Format: [TYPE]-[AREA]-[SEQUENCE]-[REV]
Example: SOP-02-001-01
Draft document using approved template
Route for review to subject matter experts
Collect and address review comments
Obtain required approvals based on document type
Update Document Master List
Validation: Document numbered correctly; all reviewers signed; Master List updated
Document Numbering Convention
Prefix
Document Type
Approval Authority
QM
Quality Manual
Management Rep + CEO
POL
Policy
Department Head + QA
SOP
Procedure
Process Owner + QA
WI
Work Instruction
Supervisor + QA
TF
Template/Form
Process Owner
SPEC
Specification
Engineering + QA
Area Codes
Code
Area
Examples
01
Quality Management
Quality Manual, policy
02
Document Control
This procedure
03
Training
Competency procedures
04
Design
Design control
05
Purchasing
Supplier management
06
Production
Manufacturing
07
Quality Control
Inspection, testing
08
CAPA
Corrective actions
Document Change Control
Change Type
Approval Level
Examples
Administrative
Document Control
Typos, formatting
Minor
Process Owner + QA
Clarifications
Major
Full review cycle
Process changes
Emergency
Expedited + retrospective
Safety issues
Document Review Schedule
Document Type
Review Period
Trigger for Unscheduled Review
Quality Manual
Annual
Organizational change
Procedures
Annual
Audit finding, regulation change
Work Instructions
2 years
Process change
Forms
2 years
User feedback
Internal Audit Workflow
Plan and execute internal audits per ISO 13485 Clause 8.2.4.
Workflow: Annual Audit Program
Identify processes and areas requiring audit coverage
Assess risk factors for audit frequency:
Previous audit findings
Regulatory changes
Process changes
Complaint trends
Assign qualified auditors (independent of area audited)
Develop annual audit schedule
Obtain management approval
Communicate schedule to process owners
Track completion and reschedule as needed
Validation: All processes covered; auditors qualified and independent; schedule approved
Workflow: Individual Audit Execution
Prepare audit plan with scope, criteria, and schedule
Notify auditee minimum 1 week prior
Review procedures and previous audit results
Prepare audit checklist
Conduct opening meeting
Collect evidence through:
Document review
Record sampling
Process observation
Personnel interviews
Classify findings:
Major NC: Absence or breakdown of system
Minor NC: Single lapse or deviation
Observation: Risk of future NC
Conduct closing meeting
Issue audit report within 5 business days
Validation: All checklist items addressed; findings supported by evidence; report distributed
Audit Program Template
Audit #
Process
Clauses
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Auditor
IA-001
Document Control
4.2.3, 4.2.4
X
[Name]
IA-002
Management Review
5.6
X
[Name]
IA-003
Design Control
7.3
X
[Name]
IA-004
Production
7.5
X
[Name]
IA-005
CAPA
8.5.2, 8.5.3
X
[Name]
Auditor Qualification Requirements
Criterion
Requirement
Training
ISO 13485 awareness + auditor training
Experience
Minimum 1 audit as observer
Independence
Not auditing own work area
Competence
Understanding of audited process
Finding Classification Guide
Classification
Criteria
Response Time
Major NC
System absence, total breakdown, regulatory violation
30 days for CAPA
Minor NC
Single instance, partial compliance
60 days for CAPA
Observation
Potential risk, improvement opportunity
Track in next audit
Process Validation Workflow
Validate special processes per ISO 13485 Clause 7.5.6.
Workflow: Process Validation Protocol
Identify processes requiring validation:
Output cannot be verified by inspection
Deficiencies appear only in use
Sterilization, welding, sealing, software
Form validation team with subject matter experts
Write validation protocol including:
Process description and parameters
Equipment and materials
Acceptance criteria
Statistical approach
Execute Installation Qualification (IQ):
Verify equipment installed correctly
Document equipment specifications
Execute Operational Qualification (OQ):
Test parameter ranges
Verify process control
Execute Performance Qualification (PQ):
Run production conditions
Verify output meets requirements
Write validation report with conclusions
Validation: IQ/OQ/PQ complete; acceptance criteria met; validation report approved
Validation Documentation Requirements
Phase
Content
Evidence
Protocol
Objectives, methods, criteria
Approved protocol
IQ
Equipment verification
Installation records
OQ
Parameter verification
Test results
PQ
Performance verification
Production data
Report
Summary, conclusions
Approval signatures
Revalidation Triggers
Trigger
Action Required
Equipment change
Assess impact, revalidate affected phases
Parameter change
OQ and PQ minimum
Material change
Assess impact, PQ minimum
Process failure
Full revalidation
Periodic
Per validation schedule (typically 3 years)
Special Process Examples
Process
Validation Standard
Critical Parameters
EO Sterilization
ISO 11135
Temperature, humidity, EO concentration, time
Steam Sterilization
ISO 17665
Temperature, pressure, time
Radiation Sterilization
ISO 11137
Dose, dose uniformity
Sealing
Internal
Temperature, pressure, dwell time
Welding
ISO 11607
Heat, pressure, speed
Supplier Qualification Workflow
Evaluate and approve suppliers per ISO 13485 Clause 7.4.
Workflow: New Supplier Qualification
Identify supplier category:
Category A: Critical (affects safety/performance)
Category B: Major (affects quality)
Category C: Minor (indirect impact)
Request supplier information:
Quality certifications
Product specifications
Quality history
Evaluate supplier based on:
Quality system (ISO certification)
Technical capability
Quality history
Financial stability
For Category A suppliers:
Conduct on-site audit
Require quality agreement
Calculate qualification score
Make approval decision:
80: Approved
60-80: Conditional approval
<60: Not approved
Add to Approved Supplier List
Validation: Evaluation criteria scored; qualification records complete; supplier categorized
Supplier Evaluation Criteria
Criterion
Weight
Scoring
Quality System
30%
ISO 13485=30, ISO 9001=20, Documented=10, None=0
Quality History
25%
Reject rate: <1%=25, 1-3%=15, >3%=0
Delivery
20%
On-time: >95%=20, 90-95%=10, <90%=0
Technical Capability
15%
Exceeds=15, Meets=10, Marginal=5
Financial Stability
10%
Strong=10, Adequate=5, Questionable=0
Supplier Category Requirements
Category
Qualification
Monitoring
Agreement
A - Critical
On-site audit
Annual review
Quality agreement
B - Major
Questionnaire
Semi-annual review
Quality requirements
C - Minor
Assessment
Issue-based
Standard terms
Supplier Performance Metrics
Metric
Target
Calculation
Accept Rate
>98%
(Accepted lots / Total lots) × 100
On-Time Delivery
>95%
(On-time / Total orders) × 100
Response Time
<5 days
Average days to resolve issues
Documentation
100%
(Complete CoCs / Required CoCs) × 100
QMS Process Reference
ISO 13485 Clause Structure
Clause
Title
Key Requirements
4.1
General Requirements
Process identification, interaction, outsourcing
4.2
Documentation
Quality Manual, procedures, records
5.1-5.5
Management Responsibility
Commitment, policy, objectives, organization
5.6
Management Review
Inputs, outputs, records
6.1-6.4
Resource Management
Personnel, infrastructure, environment
7.1
Product Realization Planning
Quality plan, risk management
7.2
Customer Requirements
Determination, review, communication
7.3
Design and Development
Planning, inputs, outputs, review, V&V, transfer, changes
7.4
Purchasing
Supplier control, purchasing info, verification
7.5
Production
Control, cleanliness, validation, identification, traceability
7.6
Monitoring Equipment
Calibration, control
8.1
Measurement Planning
Monitoring and analysis planning
8.2
Monitoring
Feedback, complaints, reporting, audits, process, product
8.3
Nonconforming Product
Control, disposition
8.4
Data Analysis
Trend analysis
8.5
Improvement
CAPA
Management Review Required Inputs (Clause 5.6.2)
Input
Source
Prepared By
Audit results
Internal and external audits
QA Manager
Customer feedback
Complaints, surveys
Customer Quality
Process performance
Process metrics
Process Owners
Product conformity
Inspection data, NCs
QC Manager
CAPA status
CAPA system
CAPA Officer
Previous actions
Prior review records
QMR
Changes affecting QMS
Regulatory, organizational
RA Manager
Recommendations
All sources
All Managers
Record Retention Requirements
Record Type
Minimum Retention
Regulatory Basis
Device Master Record
Life of device + 2 years
21 CFR 820.181
Device History Record
Life of device + 2 years
21 CFR 820.184
Design History File
Life of device + 2 years
21 CFR 820.30
Complaint Records
Life of device + 2 years
21 CFR 820.198
Training Records
Employment + 3 years
Best practice
Audit Records
7 years
Best practice
CAPA Records
7 years
Best practice
Calibration Records
Equipment life + 2 years
Best practice
Decision Frameworks
Exclusion Justification (Clause 4.2.2)
Clause
Permissible Exclusion
Justification Required
6.4.2
Contamination control
Product not affected by contamination
7.3
Design and development
Organization does not design products
7.5.2
Product cleanliness
No cleanliness requirements
7.5.3
Installation
No installation activities
7.5.4
Servicing
No servicing activities
7.5.5
Sterile products
No sterile products
Nonconformity Disposition Decision Tree
Copy Nonconforming Product Identified
│
▼
Can it be reworked?
│
Yes──┴──No
│ │
▼ ▼
Is rework Can it be used
procedure as is?
available? │
│ Yes──┴──No
Yes─┴─No │ │
│ │ ▼ ▼
▼ ▼ Concession Scrap or
Rework Create approval return to
per SOP rework needed? supplier
procedure │
Yes─┴─No
│ │
▼ ▼
Customer Use as is
approval with MRB
approval
CAPA Initiation Criteria
Source
Automatic CAPA
Evaluate for CAPA
Customer complaint
Safety-related
All others
External audit
Major NC
Minor NC
Internal audit
Major NC
Repeat minor NC
Product NC
Field failure
Trend exceeds threshold
Process deviation
Safety impact
Repeated deviations
Tools and References
Scripts
Tool
Purpose
Usage
qms_audit_checklist.py
Generate audit checklists by clause or process
python qms_audit_checklist.py --help
Audit Checklist Generator Features:
Generate clause-specific checklists (e.g., --clause 7.3)
Generate process-based checklists (e.g., --process design-control)
Full system audit checklist (--audit-type system)
Text or JSON output formats
Interactive mode for guided selection
References
Quick Reference: Mandatory Documented Procedures
Procedure
Clause
Key Elements
Document Control
4.2.3
Approval, distribution, obsolete control
Record Control
4.2.4
Identification, retention, disposal
Internal Audit
8.2.4
Program, auditor qualification, reporting
NC Product Control
8.3
Identification, segregation, disposition
Corrective Action
8.5.2
Root cause, implementation, verification
Preventive Action
8.5.3
Risk identification, implementation
Related Skills