Agent skill
policyengine-us
ALWAYS LOAD THIS SKILL FIRST before writing any PolicyEngine-US code. Contains the correct API patterns for household calculations and population simulations using the new policyengine package. Covers US federal and state taxes/benefits. Triggers: "what would", "how much would a", "benefit be", "eligible for", "qualify for", "single parent", "married couple", "family of", "household of", "if they earn", "earning $", "making $", "calculate benefits", "calculate taxes", "benefit for a", "what would I get", "what is the maximum", "what is the rate", "poverty line", "income limit", "benefit amount", "maximum benefit", "compare states", "TANF", "SNAP", "EITC", "CTC", "SSI", "WIC", "Section 8", "Medicaid", "ACA", "child tax credit", "earned income", "supplemental security", "housing voucher", "microsimulation", "population", "reform", "policy impact", "budgetary", "decile".
Install this agent skill to your Project
npx add-skill https://github.com/PolicyEngine/policyengine-claude/tree/main/skills/domain-knowledge/policyengine-us-skill
SKILL.md
PolicyEngine-US
IMPORTANT: Always use the current year (2026) in calculations, not 2024 or 2025.
PolicyEngine-US models the US federal and state tax and benefit system.
For Users
What is PolicyEngine-US?
PolicyEngine-US is the "calculator" for US taxes and benefits. When you use policyengine.org/us, PolicyEngine-US runs behind the scenes.
What it models:
Federal taxes:
- Income tax (with standard/itemized deductions)
- Payroll tax (Social Security, Medicare)
- Capital gains tax
Federal benefits:
- Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC)
- Child Tax Credit (CTC)
- SNAP (food stamps)
- WIC, ACA premium tax credits
- Social Security, SSI, TANF
State programs (varies by state):
- State income tax (all 50 states + DC)
- State EITC, CTC
- State-specific benefits
See full list: https://policyengine.org/us/parameters
Understanding Variables
Income variables:
employment_income- W-2 wagesself_employment_income- 1099 incomequalified_dividend_income- Dividendscapital_gains- Capital gains
Tax variables:
income_tax- Federal income taxstate_income_tax- State income taxpayroll_tax- FICA taxes
Benefit variables:
eitc- Earned Income Tax Creditctc- Child Tax Creditsnap- SNAP benefits
Summary variables:
household_net_income- Income after taxes and benefitshousehold_tax- Total taxeshousehold_benefits- Total benefits
For Analysts
Installation
uv pip install policyengine
Two Modes of Analysis
- Household Calculations - Single household, quick answers
- Population Simulations - Microsimulation, policy analysis at scale
1. Household Calculations
Use calculate_household_impact() with USHouseholdInput for quick calculations.
Basic Pattern
from policyengine.tax_benefit_models.us import (
USHouseholdInput,
calculate_household_impact,
)
household = USHouseholdInput(
people=[
{"age": 35, "employment_income": 50_000, "is_tax_unit_head": True},
],
household={"state_code_str": "CA"},
year=2026,
)
result = calculate_household_impact(household)
print(f"Income tax: ${result.tax_unit[0]['income_tax']:,.0f}")
print(f"Net income: ${result.household['household_net_income']:,.0f}")
US Entity Structure (6 entities)
The US has more entities than the UK due to different program structures:
person- Individual peoplemarital_unit- Married couplesfamily- Family unitspm_unit- SPM unit (for SNAP, TANF, poverty measures)tax_unit- Tax filing unit (for income tax, EITC, CTC)household- Physical household
Single Filer
household = USHouseholdInput(
people=[
{"age": 30, "employment_income": 60_000, "is_tax_unit_head": True},
],
household={"state_code_str": "CA"},
year=2026,
)
result = calculate_household_impact(household)
Married Couple with Children
household = USHouseholdInput(
people=[
{"age": 35, "employment_income": 80_000, "is_tax_unit_head": True},
{"age": 33, "employment_income": 40_000, "is_tax_unit_spouse": True},
{"age": 8, "is_tax_unit_dependent": True},
{"age": 5, "is_tax_unit_dependent": True},
],
tax_unit={"filing_status": "JOINT"},
household={"state_code_str": "NY"},
year=2026,
)
result = calculate_household_impact(household)
print(f"EITC: ${result.tax_unit[0]['eitc']:,.0f}")
print(f"CTC: ${result.tax_unit[0]['ctc']:,.0f}")
print(f"SNAP: ${result.spm_unit[0]['snap']:,.0f}")
Accessing Results
# Person-level
employment_income = result.person[0]['employment_income']
# Tax unit level (income tax, credits)
income_tax = result.tax_unit[0]['income_tax']
eitc = result.tax_unit[0]['eitc']
ctc = result.tax_unit[0]['ctc']
# SPM unit level (means-tested benefits)
snap = result.spm_unit[0]['snap']
tanf = result.spm_unit[0]['tanf']
# Household level
net_income = result.household['household_net_income']
2. Population Simulations
Use Simulation with datasets for population-level analysis.
Loading Data
from policyengine.tax_benefit_models.us import (
us_latest,
ensure_datasets,
)
datasets = ensure_datasets(
data_folder="./data",
years=[2026],
)
dataset = datasets["enhanced_cps_2024_2026"]
Running Simulations
from policyengine.core import Simulation
simulation = Simulation(
dataset=dataset,
tax_benefit_model_version=us_latest,
)
simulation.ensure()
output = simulation.output_dataset.data
total_eitc = output.tax_unit['eitc'].sum()
total_snap = output.spm_unit['snap'].sum()
Policy Reforms
Parametric Reforms
from policyengine.core import Policy, ParameterValue
from datetime import datetime
param = us_latest.get_parameter("gov.irs.credits.ctc.amount.base_amount")
policy = Policy(
name="CTC $5000",
parameter_values=[
ParameterValue(
parameter=param,
value=5000,
start_date=datetime(2026, 1, 1),
)
],
)
reform_sim = Simulation(
dataset=dataset,
tax_benefit_model_version=us_latest,
policy=policy,
)
reform_sim.ensure()
Simulation Modifier Reforms
def expand_eitc(sim):
"""Expand EITC phase-out threshold."""
sim.tax_benefit_system.parameters.get_child(
"gov.irs.credits.eitc.phase_out.start"
).update(period="year:2026:10", value=25000)
sim.tax_benefit_system.reset_parameter_caches()
policy = Policy(
name="Expand EITC",
simulation_modifier=expand_eitc,
)
Parameter Lookup
For quick parameter lookups:
from policyengine_us import CountryTaxBenefitSystem
params = CountryTaxBenefitSystem().parameters
# CTC amount
ctc = params.gov.irs.credits.ctc.amount.base_amount("2026-01-01")
# SNAP max (use .children["N"] for indexed params)
snap_max = params.gov.usda.snap.income.max_allotment.children["4"]("2026-01-01")
# State TANF
dc_tanf = params.gov.states.dc.dhs.tanf.standard_payment.amount.children["3"]("2026-01-01")
Common Pitfalls
1. Don't Strip Weights
# WRONG
mean = output.tax_unit['eitc'].values.mean()
# CORRECT
mean = output.tax_unit['eitc'].mean()
2. Tax Unit Roles Required
# People need tax unit roles
{"age": 35, "is_tax_unit_head": True}
{"age": 33, "is_tax_unit_spouse": True}
{"age": 8, "is_tax_unit_dependent": True}
3. Filing Status for Couples
tax_unit={"filing_status": "JOINT"} # or "SEPARATE", "HEAD_OF_HOUSEHOLD"
State-Specific Variables
State variables use {state_code}_{program} naming:
ca_tanf,ny_tanf,dc_tanf- State TANFca_eitc,ny_eitc- State EITCstate_income_tax- Aggregate state tax
from policyengine_us import CountryTaxBenefitSystem
system = CountryTaxBenefitSystem()
# Find state variables
ca_vars = [v for v in system.variables if v.startswith("ca_")]
SNAP Deep-Dive: Monthly Eligibility and Cliff Analysis
SNAP benefits are calculated monthly (definition_period = MONTH). When sweeping annual income, the annual SNAP value is the sum of 12 monthly calculations. This creates subtle cliff behavior.
SNAP Eligibility Tests
- Gross income test: Monthly gross income ≤ 130% of monthly FPL
- Net income test: Monthly net income ≤ 100% of monthly FPL
- Categorical eligibility: Can override gross income test in some states
FPL Fiscal Year Change
The Federal Poverty Level updates in October (new fiscal year). This means:
- Jan-Sep uses one FPL threshold, Oct-Dec uses a higher threshold
- A household can fail the gross income test for 9 months but pass for 3 months
- This creates a "partial-year" cliff where annual SNAP drops to ~25% rather than zero
Example: Missouri 3-Person Household (2025)
$33,550/yr → $2,795.83/mo → Eligible all 12 months → $1,956/yr SNAP
$33,600/yr → $2,800.00/mo → 130% FPL = $2,797.17/mo (Jan-Sep)
→ Fails 9 months, passes Oct-Dec → $527/yr SNAP
$34,700/yr → $2,891.67/mo → Exceeds even Oct-Dec threshold → $0/yr SNAP
SNAP Variable Hierarchy for Debugging
snap (annual sum of monthly allotments)
├── snap_normal_allotment = max(snap_min_allotment, snap_max_allotment - snap_expected_contribution)
│ ├── snap_max_allotment (household size and region)
│ ├── snap_expected_contribution = floor(snap_net_income) × 0.30
│ │ └── snap_net_income = max(0, snap_gross_income - snap_deductions)
│ │ ├── snap_gross_income = snap_earned_income + snap_unearned_income
│ │ └── snap_deductions = standard + earned_income(20%) + shelter + dependent_care + medical + child_support
│ └── snap_min_allotment (usually only for 1-2 person households)
├── is_snap_eligible
│ ├── meets_snap_gross_income_test (≤ 130% FPL, or categorical)
│ ├── meets_snap_net_income_test (≤ 100% FPL)
│ ├── meets_snap_asset_test
│ └── meets_snap_work_requirements
└── snap_emergency_allotment (COVID-era, now $0)
Using Trace Mode for Monthly SNAP Debugging
sim = Simulation(situation=situation)
sim.trace = True
result = sim.calculate('snap_normal_allotment', '2025-01') # Check specific month!
for node in sim.tracer.trees:
def print_tree(n, indent=0):
val = n.value
val_str = str(val[0]) if hasattr(val, '__len__') and len(val) == 1 else str(val)
print(' ' * indent + f'{n.name} <{n.period}> = {val_str}')
for child in n.children:
print_tree(child, indent + 1)
print_tree(node)
Common Benefit Cliff Causes
| Cliff | Cause | Typical magnitude |
|---|---|---|
| SNAP 130% FPL (partial year) | Gross income test fails 9 months, passes Oct-Dec | ~75% of SNAP lost |
| SNAP 130% FPL (full) | Exceeds even Oct-Dec threshold | 100% of SNAP lost |
| School meals (free → reduced) | Free school meals lost at ~130% FPL | ~$250/child/yr |
| School meals (reduced → none) | Reduced-price meals lost at ~185% FPL | ~$990/child/yr |
Key Gotcha: Simulation vs Microsimulation
# ✅ CORRECT for custom situations
from policyengine_us import Simulation
sim = Simulation(situation=situation)
# ❌ WRONG - Microsimulation expects a dataset, not a situation
from policyengine_us import Microsimulation
sim = Microsimulation(situation=situation) # Raises ValueError
Additional Resources
- Documentation: https://policyengine.org/us/docs
- Variable Explorer: https://policyengine.org/us/variables
- Parameter Explorer: https://policyengine.org/us/parameters
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